Glyoxysome and its function

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 Glyoxysomes and their purposes 

Plant microbodies called glyoxysomes are different from peroxisomes and are involved in certain aerobic pathways in plants, such as fatty acid oxidation and the glyoxylate cycle. In plant cells, lyoxysomes are crucial for seed germination. Unlike peroxisomal enzymes, which emerge later in plant development, active glyoxysome enzymes are present in the microbodies from the very beginning. 

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The primary sources of superoxide and H2O2 generated during the β-oxidation of fatty acids during the catabolism of store lipids in germinating seeds are the enzymes glycolate oxidase and urate oxidase in glyoxysomes.






Glyoxysomes appear in the first few days after seed germination in endosperm cells and associate closely with lipid bodies. They disappear after the storage fats are broken down and converted into carbohydrate. The appearance of these organelles therefore, appears to coincide with the conversion of fats into carbohydrate during seed germination.



                The glyoxylate pathway and fatty acid oxidation enzymes are found in the glyoxysomes.  The metabolic activities that take place inside glyoxysomes are described. In the lipid bodies, storage lipids are first converted to glycerol and fatty acids. Once within the glyoxysomes, the long-chain fatty acids undergo the β-oxidation pathway's breakdown to produce acetyl-CoA. In the glyoxylate pathway, which includes several TCA cycle processes, acetyl-CoA is transformed from oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA to citric acid by citrate synthetase, and subsequently into isocitrate by aconitase. Thus, the β-oxidation of fatty acids and the glyoxylate cycle enzymes occur in the glyoxysomes of higher plants. The last byproduct of fatty acid and fat breakdown by glyoxysomal enzymes is succinate.


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