The Hidden Connections: Surprising Similarities and comparision Between Peroxisomes and Mitochondria

-

The Hidden Connections:  Surprising Similarities and comparision between Peroxisomes and Mitochondria

Peroxisomes and mitochondria are incredibly active types of organelles. They have great plasticity and can take on many forms according on the needs of the cell. 

Depending on the physio-pathological environment or the metabolic requirements of the cell, their number and shape can vary.

  • The range size of peroxisomes and mitochondria is 0.1 to 1 μm. On the other hand, their structures are different. 
  • Peroxisomes have a single membrane system encircling them, whereas mitochondria have two membrane systems surrounding them. 
  • Peroxisome and mitochondrial counts in cells differ depending on the type of cell (e.g., mitochondria are plentiful in brown adipose tissue but relatively sparse in white adipocytes). 
  • In terms of fatty acid metabolism, mitochondria degrade the majority of long-chain fatty acids to supply acetyl-CoA for the production of ATP and for anabolic reactions, while peroxisomal beta-oxidation is more involved in anabolic processes. Because peroxisomes play crucial roles in the metabolism of fat and hydrogen peroxide, they are vital to human health and development. 
  • Three biological characteristics govern the quantity of peroxisomes and mitochondria: 

           (1) organelle production; 

          (2) organelle dynamic

          (3) organelle death

  •  Two types of proteins can be distinguished when examining the origins of the proteins found in peroxisomes: bacterial and eukaryotic proteins. Proteins with eukaryotic origins are primarily engaged in the synthesis of peroxisomes, whereas bacteria-derived peroxisomal proteins seem to be directed first toward the mitochondria.


In a recent investigation, loss of peroxisomal metabolism in hepatocytes through liver-specific PEX5 knockdown demonstrated disruption of the inner membrane of the mitochondria, diminished mitochondrial DNA, elevated oxidative stress, and encouragement of mitochondrial biogenesis apart from PGC-1 α. 

Peroxisomes and mitochondria do not share a common ancestry; rather, peroxisomes originate from the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas mitochondria are endosymbiotic. Nevertheless, these organelles share a number of proteins and complete metabolic pathways. They share the same factors and enzymes and are closely linked divisions. This shows that peroxisomes and mitochondria have effective communication. Although peroxisomes and mitochondria are separate organelles, they must work together for the cell to function at its best.

 


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Use of apomixis in Plant Breeding

-
Image
 Use of  apomixis in Plant Breeding  The Greek terms "APO" (away from) and "mixed" (the process of mixing or mingling) are the roots of the word "apomixis." It describes how a plant grows from a seed without the need for fertilization or typical sexual reproduction. The easiest way to define apomixis is as a reference to the asexual process. The resultant plant is a female parent plant clone. The female gametophyte, or embryo sac, is created during sexual reproduction by developmental processes that take place inside the ovule. After double fertilization, the resultant components are the embryo and endosperm. In higher plants, apomixis is a common occurrence. More than 35 groups of plants, including the Gramineae, Rosaceae, Compositae, and Rutaceae, are known to be apomictic. Apomixis is seen in major grains like wheat and maize. Apomixis Types There are three commonly known kinds of apomixis: adventitious embryony, apospory, and diplospory. Diplospory T...
Read more

Unfoldings of truth behind the conjugation in bacteria

-
Image
            Unfoldings of truth behind the conjugation in bacteria  The world is home to a vast variety of bacteria. By binary fission, they divide rapidly, creating identical daughter cells. Thus, vertical transmission—the transfer of genetic information from the mother to the offspring—occurs. Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of transfer of genetic material by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact. Pilus Formation. The donor cells (F+ cells) form a sex pilus and begin contact with an F- recipient cell. Conjugation in Bacteria  DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another during conjugation. DNA is transferred between cells once the donor cell uses a feature known as a pilus to get itself near to the recipient. This DNA typically takes the shape of a plasmid. The fertility factor, also known as the F factor, is a region of DNA found in donor cells that usually causes them to function as donors. T...
Read more

Gene Silencing : A brief review

-
Image
  Gene Silencing : A brief review  Controlling the expression of genes is a phenomenon known as gene silencing. There are two ways to regulate gene expression: translation and transcription. Gene silencing and gene knockdown, in which gene expression is decreased, are quite similar. It must be distinguished from gene knockout, which is the total removal of a gene from the genome. Silencing of Transcriptional Genes Transcriptional gene silencing is the term used to describe the silencing of genes at the transcriptional level. It is a process of alteration in which the machinery of transcription is disabled. The techniques for transcriptional gene silencing are as follows: Mendelian inheritance is the basis for the epigenetic approach known as genomic imprinting. The genes that children acquire from their parents determine how those genes are expressed in them. Histone modification or DNA methylation silences the gene, which is passed down unchanged to the progeny. Paramutatio...
Read more